Understanding EEG: A Vital Tool for Brain Activity Assessment

An Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive test used to measure and analyse the electrical activity of the brain. It is an essential diagnostic tool for detecting neurological abnormalities, including seizure disorders, encephalitis, and other conditions affecting brain function.

How Does an EEG Work?

The human brain continuously generates electrical impulses that travel through nerve cells, forming distinct wave patterns. These waves vary in frequency and can indicate normal or abnormal brain function.

The EEG Process:

1. Electrodes Placement:
   • Small sensors (electrodes) are placed on the scalp using a water-based conductive paste to ensure clear signal transmission.
   • Before application, the scalp is prepared with a mild cleansing gel to improve contact.
2. Recording Brain Activity:
   • The test lasts approximately 45 minutes.
   • The first 5–10 minutes are dedicated to placing the electrodes.
   • You will be seated in a comfortable position with your eyes closed for most of the test.
   • Towards the end, deep breathing exercises (hyperventilation) are performed for 3 minutes to observe any changes in brain activity.
   • Photic stimulation (flashing lights) is also included to assess responses to visual stimuli, which can sometimes trigger abnormal electrical discharges.
3. Data Analysis & Reporting:
   • The recorded brain waves are displayed on a computer screen and analyzed to detect abnormalities.
   • Our team will prepare a detailed report for your referring doctor, outlining any findings and potential diagnoses.

Why is an EEG Performed?

An EEG is primarily used to diagnose and monitor conditions that affect brain function, including:

✅ Epilepsy & Seizures – EEG can detect abnormal brain wave patterns associated with clinical and silent (subclinical) seizures, which may not be visible to the patient or observer. Identifying these is crucial for early intervention and treatment to prevent long-term brain function impairment.

✅ Encephalitis & Brain Inflammation – Changes in brain wave activity can indicate infections or inflammation affecting the brain, guiding appropriate medical management.

✅ Brain Injuries & Disorders – Subtle EEG changes can reveal areas of the brain that show slowed reactivity, helping neurologists assess functional impairments and determine the best course of treatment.

✅ Sleep Disorders – EEG may also be useful in diagnosing sleep-related conditions such as narcolepsy or unusual nocturnal events.

How to Prepare for an EEG?

Preparation is simple and ensures the most accurate results:

✔ Wash your hair the night before – Avoid using conditioners, hair gels, sprays, or any styling products, as the electrodes require clean and dry hair for optimal contact.

✔ Avoid caffeine for at least 8 hours before the test – This includes coffee, black tea, energy drinks, and certain sodas, as caffeine can alter brain wave activity.

✔ Continue taking prescribed medications unless otherwise directed by your doctor.

What to Expect After the Test?

🔹 Once the test is complete, the scientist will carefully remove the electrodes from your scalp.
🔹 You may notice some stickiness on your hair, which can be easily washed out with shampoo.
🔹 The results are then analyzed and compiled into a report for your referring doctor.

Conclusion

An EEG is a safe, effective, and invaluable tool for identifying neurological conditions, particularly in cases where symptoms may not be outwardly visible. By detecting abnormal brain activity early, it allows for targeted treatment and improved long-term health outcomes.

If you or a loved one requires an EEG assessment, feel free to reach out to us for more information or to schedule an appointment.

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